Crossword puzzle clue "one who studies past human life through excavation and analysis of artefacts"

One who studies past human life through excavation and analysis of artefacts

Expert in (or collector of) old artefacts

Classic 1950 book with the line "It's your fiction that interests me. Your studies of the interplay of human motives and emotion"

High school science class that studies life, briefly

Animated film where the main character journeys to the excavation site of a Roman emperor's corpse and learns a little something along the way?

Excavation that went on and on?

It could be spread human-to-human

Study of past human culture