Crossword puzzle clue "stripped of"

Here are the possible solutions for stripped of clue

Answer
Clue
Relevancy
ali
Clue
His title was stripped in '67
His title was stripped in 1967
His crown was stripped in 1967
bare
Clue
Stripped
Stripped Matt Nathanson song?
Definition
unclothed, uncovered
bared
Clue
Stripped
Definition
BARE, to make bare
bareditall
Clue
Stripped
bereft
Clue
Stripped (of)
Definition
BEREAVE, to deprive esp. by death

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